Model BG-3 Emissions Testing & Certification Applications
Aftertreatment and oil additive suppliers as well as automotive, non-road diesel, on-road light & heavy duty diesel, motorcycle, locomotive, airplane, and marine engine & vehicle manufacturers will develop and certify cleaner engines faster with the Model BG-3!
Light Duty Engines & Vehicles:
Passenger Cars, Light Duty Vehicles, 2- and 3-wheeler applications require to test the complete vehicle and not only the engine itself. For this purpose the vehicle is tested on a chassis dyno, which simulates the actual driving on the road. Certification tests can be done with the Model BG-3 or a CVS.
Passenger Cars:
Certification, Certification - Low Temperature, Engine Development , S-ULEV
Motor Cycles:
Motor Cycles - 4 Stroke, Motor Cycles - 2 Stroke
Heavy Duty Engines & Vehicles:
For Heavy Duty applications only the engine is tested on an engine test bed. Two different test types exist - a stationary and a transient test. For USA and Japanese heavy duty applications a transient test must be performed. For Europe, both test types exists. The BG-3 can be used in place of a CVS for ALL tests.
Stationary Certification:
The engine is operated at constant load and speed conditions (modes). The normal pattern of the engine operation is represented by weighting factors for each engine condition. All emission measurement is done by samples from the raw exhaust. As an option, systems for transient testing can be used.
Transient Certification:
The engine is operated at transient load and speed conditions, which represents the normal pattern of the engine operation. For certification tests, the exhaust can be sampled with a Model BG-3 or must be diluted with air by a CVS. HC, NOx and Particulate emissions are sampled continuously from the dilution tunnel. CO2, CO and all background concentrations are usually determined from the sample bags. The Model BG-3 is capable of interfacing with gaseous emissions equipment to meet this requirement.
Transient Certification - Engine Development:
The engine is operated at transient load and speed conditions, which represents the normal pattern of the engine operation. For certification tests, a Model BG-3 can be used or exhaust must be diluted with air by a CVS. HC, NOx and Particulate emissions are sampled continuously from the dilution tunnel. CO2, CO and all background concentrations are usually determined from the sample bags. The Model BG-3 is capable of interfacing with gaseous emissions equipment to meet this requirement.
Off Road Engines & Vehicles:
Off road engines (all type of engines which are not used to transport people or goods on the road) will be tested on a stationary test cycle (ISO8178). Such engine applications cover the range from small handheld tools, construction equipments up to large engines for ships or Locomotives.
Versions of Particulate Emissions Sampling
The BG-3 can collect particulate samples over either transient or steady state test cycles. A brief description of the primary types of particulate emissions testing follows:
Steady-State, multi-filter- This type of sample is frequently preferred for use during engine development. It is also allowed for engine certification, such as 40CFR Part 89, where the regulatory authority in question specifies ISO 8178 or a regional derivative either directly or by reference. The most commonly used cycle in ISO8178 is the C1 or 8-mode cycle. This test protocol uses one filter sample per mode. The individual modal particulate samples are calculated for grams/hr and arithmetically weighted along with engine power and other criteria emissions to arrive at a cycle weighted particulate emissions value as per the regulatory organization guidelines. In this case, it is not necessary that the BG-3 receive an intake air flow signal, as all flow and sample duration set points shall be manually defined by the operator prior to initiation of modal sampling.
Steady-State, single filter- This type of sampling is most often used during engine certification, for example the supplemental 13-mode test currently required by the EPA or the ramped modal cycle recently introduced in 40CFR Part1065. These tests use a single particulate test filter to collect PM across a series of modes. The weighting factors are established by the percentage of time required for sampling in each mode relative to the total cycle sampling time. This test must be performed with the BG-3 accessing an accurate, calibrated, fast-response intake airflow or exhaust flow measurement system output signal to translate into a proportioned exhaust sample. The weighting of the individual test modes is performed by adjusting the sample time of each mode. This can be done either manually during the test or through host computer control.
Transient Cycle Sampling- Transient cycles are described in 40 CFR86, 40CFR1065 and in Directive 1999/96/EC, from the European Commission, among others. A single filter is subjected to particulate loading from diluted exhaust that has been sampled by the BG-3 proportionally by mass to the total engine exhaust or intake air mass flow. In this case, it is critical that BG-3 not only be able to directly access engine intake or exhaust mass flow, but that the engine flow signal approach “real time.” Delays of less than 100ms in the intake air or exhaust mass flow rate signal are recommended to ensure suitable proportional sampling over the aggressive transient test cycles currently employed. Assuming these criteria are met; BG-3 can easily maintain acceptable sample proportionality over all current engine test cycles.
Transient Response: Less than 300 milliseconds to 90% of set point for a 10x step change in engine flow rate, as measured at the dilution tunnel inlet.
Recommended Flow Rate Range through Filter: 30-100SLM